Eugenics is the study of human genetics and of methods to improve the inherited characteristics, physical and mental, of the human race.
Throughout history, eugenics has been regarded by its various advocates as a social responsibility, an altruistic stance of a society, meant to create healthier and more intelligent people, to save resources, and lessen human suffering. More controversially, some, such as the Nazi regime in Germany, used eugenics as a pretext for racial discrimination.
(thanks Dean)
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